Taking into account the very limited available evidence, we hypothesize that
neurobiological differences can make the development of normative sexual behavior more of
a challenge for some individuals and may even, in extreme forms, lead individuals almost
inevitably towards the development of sexual deviance. Such underlying neurobiological
anomalies would allow for sexual deviance to occur in the absence of negative sexual- or life
experiences, which is in accordance with reports of many self-identified pedophiles (Shields
& Ruzicka, 2016). Though we argue that neurobiological traits may predispose an individual
for the development of deviant sexual interests, this relationship is expected to be neither
exclusive nor specific. For example, it is imaginable that a person who is sexually under
aroused/over-inhibited will nevertheless focus on normative stimuli and may present with a
sexual dysfunction, low sexual interest or may develop an asexual orientation, characterized
by a lack of sexual attraction to any group of stimuli. There is very little research on the topic
of asexuality, but two studies that assessed correlates/biological markers of asexuality in men
found that non-right-handedness, a higher number of older brothers and sisters (Yule, Brotto,
& Gorzalka, 2014), lower SES and lower education (Bogaert, 2004) were related to
asexuality. This shows remarkable similarities with markers for pedophilia (Cantor et al.,
2004) and seems worthy of further investigation.